First Focal Plane vs. Second Focal Plane: A Straight Answer

Every variable-power scope puts its reticle in one of two places: the first focal plane (FFP), in front of the magnification lenses, or the second focal plane (SFP), behind them. That one design choice changes how the reticle looks and how you use it.

What changes when you zoom

In an FFP scope the reticle grows and shrinks with the image. At 4x it looks thin; at 16x it looks thick. Because it scales with the target, the hash marks and holdovers mean the same thing at every magnification.

In an SFP scope the reticle stays the same size to your eye no matter the power. It always looks crisp and easy to see, but its subtensions are only "true" at one magnification. That is usually the highest power, and the manual will say which.

When FFP makes sense

• Long-range and precision shooting. If you hold for wind and elevation with a mil or MOA tree and change magnification often, FFP removes the math.
• Ranging with the reticle. You can measure a target of known size at any power.
• LPVOs used both up close and at distance. Some FFP low-power variables have a bright center that works at 1x. Others become hard to see at low power, so look before you buy.

When SFP makes sense

• Hunting. Most shots are taken with a simple center hold, and a reticle that stays bold at low power is easier in dim light.
• LPVOs on defensive carbines. A big, bright SFP reticle at 1x is fast. Scopes like the Vortex Strike Eagle 1-6x or 1-8x are SFP for this reason.
• Budget. SFP scopes are cheaper to build, so you often get better glass for the money.

MOA or MRAD?

Separate question, but it comes up at the same time. The rule is simple: match the turrets to the reticle. MOA turrets with an MOA reticle, or mils with mils. Mixing them forces conversions in your head when you least want them.

Bottom line

If you will dial or hold at distance and change power often, buy FFP. If you hunt, shoot mostly at one power, or want the most scope for the money, SFP is the smart buy. Check our daily deals for current prices on both.